Glossary > #ISO 6346

ISO 6346

ISO 6346 is an international standard created and managed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This standard regulates the coding, identification, and marking of shipping containers used in intermodal freight transport. Essentially, it provides a universal identification system for cargo containers to be easily recognized, tracked, and inspected across various modes of transport (ships, trains, trucks, etc.) and regions around the world.

This standard is crucial for the global logistics chain as it enables smooth communication and management of containers through standardized markings. The latest version of this standard is ISO 6346:2022, which replaced older editions such as ISO 6346:1995.

Key Features of ISO 6346

  1. Unique identification system:
    • Each container is assigned a unique serial number that ensures no two containers in the world have the same marking.
    • This serial number includes:
      • Owner code: A three-letter prefix indicating the owner or operator.
      • Equipment category identifier: Indicates the type of container.
      • Serial number: A six-digit numerical code unique to the given container.
      • Check digit: A single digit verifying the validity of the identification code.
  2. Operating markings:
    • The standard also specifies mandatory and optional operating markings for containers. These markings provide additional information about the size, type, and operational status of the container.
  3. Container size and type codes:
    • ISO 6346 defines a coding system for the physical dimensions of the container (length, height) and its type. For example, the code can indicate whether the container is a universal container, a refrigerated container (reefer), or a liquid container.
  4. Physical presentation of markings:
    • The markings must be visually readable and durable to remain legible even after prolonged use in harsh environments.
  5. Compatibility with data systems:
    • The standard includes provisions for automatic equipment identification (AEI) and electronic data interchange (EDI), facilitating modern tracking and record-keeping of containers.
  6. Code registration:
    • International Container Bureau (BIC) manages the registration of owner codes to ensure their global uniqueness.

Purpose and Significance of ISO 6346

The main purpose of ISO 6346 is to ensure uniformity, safety, and efficiency in global container transport. Here’s why the standard is so important:

  1. Simplified identification:
    • With a standardized system, containers can be easily identified and tracked across different systems and countries.
  2. Efficiency in intermodal transport:
    • Standardized marking and coding allows for smooth movement of containers between ships, trucks, and trains.
  3. Improved safety:
    • The markings provide essential information about the type and operational status of the container, ensuring proper handling and stacking.
  4. Global standardization:
    • ISO 6346 eliminates regional differences in container identification, promoting uniformity in global trade.
  5. Integration with technologies:
    • Integration with AEI and EDI ensures that ISO 6346 aligns with modern logistics technologies.

Components of the ISO 6346 Identification System

1. Owner Code

The owner code is a three-letter prefix that identifies the owner or main operator of the container. This code must be registered with the International Container Bureau (BIC) in Paris to ensure its global uniqueness.

Examples:

  • “HLC” for Hapag-Lloyd.
  • “MAE” for Maersk.

2. Equipment Category Identifier

This is a single-letter code representing the category of the container:

  • U: Cargo containers.
  • J: Removable equipment related to containers.
  • Z: Trailers and chassis.

3. Serial Number

A six-digit number that uniquely identifies a container within the fleet of a specific owner.

4. Check Digit

The check digit is a single-digit value used to verify the accuracy of the identification code. It is calculated using a specific algorithm based on the owner’s code, category identifier, and serial number.

Container Size and Type Codes

ISO 6346 includes a coding system to denote the dimensions and type of the container. These codes consist of four alphanumeric characters:

  1. Length Code (1st character):
    • Indicates the length of the container in feet.
    • Examples:
      • 2 = 20 feet.
      • 4 = 40 feet.
      • 5 = 45 feet.
  2. Height Code (2nd character):
    • Indicates the height of the container.
    • Examples:
      • 2 = 8 feet 6 inches.
      • 5 = 9 feet 6 inches (high-cube).
  3. Type Code (3rd and 4th characters):
    • Specifies the type and properties of the container.
    • Examples:
      • G1 = General-purpose container.
      • R1 = Refrigerated container.
      • T1 = Tank container.

Operational Markings in ISO 6346

Operational markings provide additional information about the handling or use of the container. These markings may be mandatory or optional. Examples of operational markings include:

  • Weight markings: Maximum gross weight, tare weight, and payload.
  • Customs sealing.
  • Hazardous material labels (if relevant).

Application of ISO 6346

ISO 6346 is widely used in various areas of global trade and transportation:

  1. Container management:
    • Shipping companies and ports rely on ISO 6346 markings for inventory control and logistics planning.
  2. Intermodal transportation:
    • The standard ensures compatibility between different modes of transport, such as ships, trucks, and trains.
  3. Automated systems:
    • Technologies like RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and barcode scanners use ISO 6346 codes for seamless tracking.
  4. Customs control:
    • Customs officers use the markings to verify container information and ensure compliance with international regulations.
  5. Data integration:
    • The coding system integrates with digital platforms for Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).

Role of the International Container Bureau (BIC)

International Container Bureau (BIC) plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of ISO 6346. It manages the registration of owner codes and ensures that all assigned codes are:

  • Unique.
  • Globally recognized.
  • In accordance with ISO 6346 standards.

Historical Milestones of ISO 6346

  1. 1984:
    • The first version of ISO 6346 was published.
  2. 1995:
    • Significant revisions were introduced to improve the coding system.
  3. 2022:
    • The latest version, ISO 6346:2022, was published, considering advancements in container technology and operational needs.

The Future of ISO 6346

With the growing digitization and automation in logistics, ISO 6346 is expected to play an increasingly important role in:

  • Improving container tracking and visibility.
  • Supporting the integration of smart technologies (e.g., IoT-enabled containers).
  • Supporting sustainability initiatives through better container utilization.

Conclusion

ISO 6346 is a cornerstone of the global logistics and transportation industry. By standardizing the identification, coding, and marking of cargo containers, it ensures efficiency, safety, and compatibility across international transport networks. Whether it is a 20-foot general-purpose container or a specialized container for liquids, ISO 6346 provides a framework for seamless communication and management in the complex world of intermodal transport.