Glossary > #VGM

VGM – Verified Gross Mass

Verified Gross Mass (VGM) designates the total weight of a fully loaded shipping container, which includes the cargo, packaging materials, and the empty weight of the container itself (known as tare weight). This regulation was introduced to ensure maritime safety and is a mandatory requirement under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), which is administered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This requirement officially came into force on July 1, 2016.

The primary objective of the VGM regulation is to ensure accurate weight declarations for all containers loaded onto vessels. In this way, accidents caused by vessel instability, collapse of container stacks, and other risks related to weight in the supply chain are prevented.

Why VGM is Important

1. Ensuring Maritime Safety

Implementation of VGM is critical for maritime safety. Incorrectly declared container weights in the past caused serious accidents, including vessel capsizing and damage to cargo and crew. VGM rules directly address this risk by requiring accurate weight declarations.

2. Compliance with SOLAS Regulations

The VGM requirement under the SOLAS Convention was introduced to eliminate risks associated with irregular weight declarations. Accurate weight data enables safe stowage and vessel stability during transport.

3. Prevention of Operational Disruptions

Without a valid VGM declaration, containers cannot be loaded onto vessels. This can lead to delays, missed shipments, and additional costs, such as re-weighing or storage fees.

4. Legal and Financial Consequences

Shippers who fail to meet VGM requirements face sanctions, legal liabilities, and possible blacklisting by carriers or port authorities. Non-compliance with regulations can also lead to significant operational delays and fines.

How VGM is Defined and Calculated?

Key Components of VGM

VGM is calculated as the sum of:

  1. Cargo Weight – The total weight of goods inside the container.
  2. Packaging Materials Weight – Includes pallets, dunnage, cushioning, and securing devices.
  3. Empty Container Weight (tare weight) – The weight of the empty container, which is typically listed on the Container Safety Convention (CSC) label attached to the container.

Approved Methods for VGM Calculation

The IMO allows two standardized methods for determining Verified Gross Mass:

Method 1: Weighing the Fully Loaded Container

  • After packing and sealing the container, the entire unit is weighed using a calibrated and certified scale or weighbridge.
  • This method provides the simplest and most accurate measurement.

Method 2: Summation of Weights

  • This method involves adding:
    • Cargo weight.
    • Weight of packaging materials and securing devices.
    • Empty container weight (tare weight).
  • Formula: VGM = Cargo Weight + Packaging Materials Weight + Empty Container Weight

Both methods must comply with local and international standards for weighing accuracy.

VGM Declaration Process

Steps for VGM Declaration

  1. Weigh the Container
    • Use either Method 1 or Method 2 to determine VGM.
  2. Prepare VGM Declaration
    • This document can be submitted digitally or as a physical copy.
  3. Submit VGM to Carriers and Terminals
  4. Verification and Storage
    • The terminal and carrier verify VGM before including the container in the vessel’s stowage plan.

Required Information in VGM Declaration

  • Shipper details (name, address, and contact information).
  • Booking or bill of lading number.
  • Container number.
  • Verified weight (VGM).
  • Weight verification method used.
  • Authorized signature and date.

Who is Responsible for VGM Compliance?

1. Shipper Responsibility

The shipper listed on the bill of lading is legally obligated to:

  • Accurately determine and declare VGM.
  • Ensure VGM is submitted to the carrier and terminal on time.

2. Freight Forwarders

Shippers may delegate the task of submitting VGM to freight forwarders, but the final legal responsibility remains with the shipper.

3. Carriers and Terminal Operators

  • Carriers: Ensure that the declared VGM is accurate and included in the vessel’s stowage plan.
  • Terminal Operators: Refuse to load any containers without verified VGM.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Non-compliance with VGM regulations can result in:

  1. Container Rejection: Terminals will not load containers without valid VGM.
  2. Fines and Legal Action: Financial sanctions and legal consequences for inaccurate or missing VGM declarations.
  3. Operational Delays: Containers may need to be re-weighed, causing delays and additional handling costs.

Global Standards and Legal Framework

Role of SOLAS and IMO

The SOLAS Convention under IMO leadership requires VGM regulations to ensure safer shipping operations. These standards have been adopted globally and are enforced by national maritime authorities.

National Enforcement and Tolerance of Deviations

Each country enforces VGM compliance through its own legal framework. Minor weight deviations (typically within 2–5%) may be tolerated depending on circumstances and local regulations.

Best Practices for VGM Compliance

  1. Use Certified Weighing Equipment
    • Ensure all equipment meets international calibration and accuracy standards.
  2. Train Logistics Personnel
    • Familiarize employees with SOLAS regulations and VGM submission procedures.
  3. Automate the Process
    • Use digital platforms, such as EDI, for seamless data submission.
  4. Plan Ahead
    • Submit VGM declarations well in advance of the carrier’s deadline.
  5. Double-Check Data
    • Cross-verify weights with suppliers to avoid errors.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. Is VGM Mandatory for All Shipments?

Yes, it is a requirement for all containerized cargo under SOLAS regulations.

2. What Happens if VGM is Not Submitted?

Containers without verified VGM will not be loaded, leading to delays and additional costs.

3. Can VGM be Estimated?

No, it must be measured using one of the two approved methods.

4. Who Enforces VGM Regulations?

The IMO oversees SOLAS regulations, which are enforced by national maritime authorities.

5. Where Can I Find the Empty Weight of a Container?

The empty weight is listed on the CSC label on the container.

The Verified Gross Mass (VGM) regulation is a key component of global shipping, ensuring safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance. By adhering to these rules, shippers can avoid sanctions, reduce operational risks, and contribute to a safer maritime industry.