Glossary > #Spray Closed-Cell Foam Insulation

Spray Closed-Cell Foam Insulation

What is Spray Closed-Cell Foam Insulation?

Spray foam closed-cell insulation is a type of polyurethane foam applied by spraying, characterized by densely packed closed cells. Unlike open-cell foam, spray foam insulation with closed cells is rigid, impermeable to air and moisture, and has a higher density. Because of this, it is an effective solution for thermal insulation, structural support, and moisture control in residential, commercial, and industrial applications.

Key Features and Benefits

  1. High R-Value: Spray closed-cell foam insulation boasts an R-value of approximately R-7 per inch, which indicates its resistance to thermal conductivity. This high thermal resistance makes it an excellent insulator, significantly improving energy efficiency by minimizing heat transfer through walls, roofs, and other structures. According to VB Insulation, their spray foam insulation with closed cells has an R-value of 6.89 per inch, which surpasses traditional insulation materials, such as fiberglass.
  2. Structural Strength: The rigid nature of closed-cell foam improves the structural integrity of buildings. Its dense cellular structure increases the load-bearing capacity of walls, providing additional support and stability. This property is particularly beneficial in preventing wall deformation and bending, as noted in the guide from Koala Insulation.
  3. Moisture Barrier: At approximately 1.5 inches thick, spray closed-cell foam insulation functions as a vapor-tight barrier that prevents moisture penetration. This is particularly advantageous in underground applications, such as basements and crawl spaces, where moisture control is key. Information from Building Science Corporation emphasizes its use as a Class II vapor barrier in cold climates.
  4. Air Barrier: Spray foam closed-cell insulation with creates an airtight seal at just 1 inch thick, reducing air leaks and improving indoor air quality. This property is crucial for maintaining a comfortable indoor environment and reducing energy costs.
  5. Versatility: This type of insulation is versatile and can be applied in various environments, including residential homes, commercial buildings, agricultural barns, and even vehicles, such as vans and trailers. Its durability and adaptability make it suitable for both new construction and renovations, as emphasized by the easy-to-use DIY kits from VB Insulation.
  6. Water Resistance: Closed-cell foam is resistant to water and does not absorb moisture, making it ideal for use in flood-prone areas or high-humidity environments. This property ensures long-term performance without the risk of mold or fungal growth.

Manufacturing and Composition

Spray foam closed-cell insulation is created by mixing two liquid components, typically designated as “A” and “B”. Component “A” typically contains methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, while component “B” is a mixture of polyols, catalysts, flame retardants, and other additives. When these components are mixed on-site, they react to form foam, which expands and hardens, creating a dense structure with closed cells.

Installation Process

Installation of spray foam closed-cell insulation must be performed by trained professionals due to the precision required in mixing and applying the foam. The process involves preparing the area by covering surfaces to prevent overspray, then applying the foam using specialized equipment. The foam rapidly expands and cures, creating a solid barrier that adheres to the substrate. VB Insulation provides DIY kits that allow homeowners to achieve professional results with clear instructions and support.

Applications

Spray foam closed-cell insulation is used in a wide range of applications, including:

  • Interior walls and ceilings: Provides excellent insulation and sound dampening.
  • Exterior walls and roofs: Offers thermal insulation and moisture protection.
  • Basements and crawl spaces: Functions as a moisture barrier and insulates against ground temperatures.
  • Commercial buildings: Used in warehouses, factories, and offices for energy efficiency.
  • Vehicles: Insulates and reduces noise in vans, trailers, and recreational vehicles.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages:

  • High thermal resistance and energy efficiency.
  • Increases structural integrity.
  • Provides effective moisture and air barriers.
  • Versatile applications in various environments.

Disadvantages:

  • Higher costs compared to other types of insulation.
  • Requires professional installation.
  • Limited sound insulation capabilities compared to open-cell foam.

Comparison with Open-Cell Foam

Spray foam closed-cell insulation differs from open-cell foam in several key aspects:

  • Density: Closed-cell foam is denser and stiffer, while open-cell foam is lighter and more flexible.
  • R-Value: Closed-cell foam offers a higher R-value, providing better insulation per inch.
  • Moisture Resistance: Closed-cell foam functions as a vapor-tight barrier, unlike open-cell foam, which allows moisture to pass through.
  • Expansion During Application: Closed-cell foam expands approximately 1 inch during application, while open-cell foam can expand up to 3 inches, filling larger gaps.

Environmental and Safety Considerations

Spray foam closed-cell insulation is generally safe when properly installed. However, it is important to use low-VOC formulations to minimize off-gassing and ensure that reoccupancy times following installation are observed. Additionally, the foam is non-toxic in its cured state, but requires careful handling during application due to the chemicals used. VB Insulation products are free from harmful substances, such as CFCs and formaldehyde, making them environmentally friendly.

Spray foam closed-cell insulation is a high-performance solution ideal for those seeking robust thermal insulation, moisture control, and structural reinforcement. Its unique properties make it suitable for a wide range of applications, although costs and the need for professional installation should be considered when planning a project. Whether for residential or commercial use, spray foam closed-cell insulation offers long-term benefits in energy efficiency and building durability.